心肌梗死患者重返工作后生活质量的现状调查

目的 对心肌梗死患者重返工作后的生活质量进行调查,分析影响生活质量的因素,为制订针对性的二级预防和干预措施提供借鉴。方法 采取便利抽样方法,采用一般资料调查表、医学结局研究简短量表-8、健康促进生活方式评定量表Ⅱ、医学应对方式量表和社会支持评定量表对郑州市3所医院326例已重返工作的心肌梗死患者进行问卷调查。结果 心肌梗死患者重返工作后生活质量总分为(28.03±2.55),在社会功能(2.48±1.09)、情感角色(2.22±0.87)和精神健康(2.38±0.88)方面得分较低,影响生活质量的因素为面对应对维度得分、屈服应对维度得分、年龄、重返工作时间、支架植入个数、家庭月收入、合并症、是否参与及完成心脏康复等(P<0.05)。结论 心肌梗死患者重返工作后的生活质量水平有待提高,应根据影响生活质量的因素开展针对性的干预,提高心肌梗死患者重返工作后的生活质量,从而帮助患者更好地回归社会。     

Comment comprendre et accompagner l’enfant pervers ?

Whatever his age, the perverted individual worries as much as he fascinates. The healthy or pathological meaning of child sexual behaviour is not always evident. As adults and clinicians, we have difficulty recognizing the existence of a sexual problem in children. However, it can develop a disturbing sexuality in the form of sexual perversion. After a reminder of general considerations on the topic, the article proposes to consider the establishment of a sexual perversion in the child. As in most syndromes and clinical entities, there is a combination of intrinsic and other factors, external, contextual and even societal. Afterwards, we approach the management by proposing a flexible systematization in the evaluative process allowing both to respect the temporality of a necessary elaboration and to take the time to reflect in terms of differential diagnosis in order to propose relevant therapeutic axes.     

Distribution of aromatase in the brain of the African cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni: Aromatase expression,but not estrogen receptors,varies with female reproductive-state

Estrogen synthesis and signaling in the brains of vertebrates has pleotropic effects ranging from neurogenesis to modulation of behaviors. The majority of studies on brain-derived estrogens focus on males, but estrogenic signaling in females likely plays important roles in regulation of reproductive cycling and social behaviors. We used females of the mouth brooding African cichlid fish, Astatotilapia burtoni, to test for reproductive state-dependent changes in estrogenic signaling capacity within microdissected brain nuclei that are important for social behaviors. Expression levels of the rate-limiting enzyme aromatase, but not estrogen receptors, measured by qPCR changes across the reproductive cycle. Gravid females that are close to spawning had higher aromatase levels in all brain regions compared to females with lower reproductive potential. This brain aromatase expression was positively correlated with circulating estradiol levels and ovarian readiness. Using chromogenic in situ hybridization we localized aromatase-expressing cells to ependymal regions bordering the ventricles from the forebrain to the hindbrain, and observed more abundant staining in gravid compared to mouth brooding females in most regions. Staining was most prominent in subpallial telencephalic regions, and diencephalic regions of the preoptic area, thalamus, and hypothalamus, but was also observed in sensory and sensorimotor areas of the midbrain and hindbrain. Aromatase expression was observed in radial glial cells, revealed by co-localization with the glial marker GFAP and absence of co-localization with the neuronal marker HuC/D. Collectively these results support the idea that brain-derived estradiol in females may serve important functions in reproductive state-dependent physiological and behavioral processes across vertebrates.     

Associations of eating alone with type D personality,depression and rejection sensitivity among South Korean university students

Purpose: To identify the associations of eating alone with type D personality, depression, and rejection sensitivity among South Korean university students. Design and Methods: Data were collected from 370 students recruited from five universities using a self-reported questionnaire. Findings: Eating alone had significant correlations with type D personality and depression. Significant factors affecting eating alone were age, place of residence, type D personality, and depression. These factors accounted for 17% in eating alone. Implications for Nursing Practice: There is a need for interventional programs that can reduce the negative effects of eating alone and prevent depression among students with type D personality.     

Step-function luminopsins for bimodal prolonged neuromodulation

Although molecular tools for controlling neuronal activity by light have vastly expanded, there are still unmet needs which require development and refinement. For example, light delivery into the brain is still a major practical challenge that hinders potential translation of optogenetics in human patients. In addition, it would be advantageous to manipulate neuronal activity acutely and precisely as well as chronically and non-invasively, using the same genetic construct in animal models. We have previously addressed these challenges by employing bioluminescence and have created a new line of opto-chemogenetic probes termed luminopsins by fusing light-sensing opsins with light-emitting luciferases. In this report, we incorporated Chlamydomonas channelrhodopsin 2 with step-function mutations as the opsin moiety in the new luminopsin fusion protein termed step-function luminopsin (SFLMO). Bioluminescence-induced photocurrent lasted longer than the bioluminescence signal due to very slow deactivation of the mutated channel. In addition, bioluminescence was able to activate most of the channels on the cell surface due to the extremely high light sensitivity of the channel. This efficient channel activation was partly mediated by radiationless bioluminescence resonance energy transfer due to the proximity of luciferase and opsin. To test the utility of SFLMOs in vivo, we transduced the substantia nigra unilaterally via a viral vector in male rats. Injection of the luciferase substrate as well as conventional photostimulation via fiber optics elicited circling behaviors. Thus, SFLMOs expand the current approaches for manipulation of neuronal activity in the brain and add more versatility and practicality to optogenetics in freely behaving animals.     

Short photoperiod restores ventral subicular lesion-induced deficits in affective and socio-cognitive behavior in male Wistar rats

Photoperiod (day-length) has enduring effects on an organism's physiological functions like metabolism and behavioral phenotypes including cognition and affect. Circadian rhythm manipulations are potentially effective non-pharmacological strategies in the management of central nervous system insults. In our previous study, we demonstrated the efficacy of short photoperiod regime (SPR; 06/18 hr light-dark cycle) in establishing functional recovery in ventral subicular lesion (VSL) rats. The present study further demonstrates the efficacy of SPR in mitigating anxiety and depression as well as facilitating socio-cognitive behavior in VSL rats. VSL elevated the basal plasma corticosterone levels, increased anxiety, anhedonia, and behavioral despair with decreased self-care. The VSL rats also exhibited a considerable degree of impaired social cognition, in terms of altered social preference and social novelty. Exposure to SPR for 21 days mitigated the anxiety- and depressive-like phenotypes as well as improved social cognition significantly. Thus, the study demonstrated the effectiveness of SPR strategy in reversing most of the behavioral deficits caused by VSL. SPR, perhaps, would have regulated the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis responsiveness as we observed a decrease in plasma corticosterone levels following SPR in VSL rats. The study implies the need for developing a task-dependent SPR strategy to achieve complete behavioral recovery as the functional demands of each behavior is distinct. In summary, the study highlights the efficacy of photoperiod manipulation as a novel, non-pharmacological approach in mitigating the affective and cognitive deficits associated with neuropsychiatric disorders such as bipolar disorder and Alzheimer's disease wherein circadian rhythm alterations are implicated.     

Role of 5-HT1A and 5-HT3 receptors in serotonergic activation of sensory neurons in relation to itch and pain behavior in the rat

Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) released by platelets, mast cells, and immunocytes is a potent inflammatory mediator which modulates pain and itch sensing in the peripheral nervous system. The serotonergic receptors expressed by primary afferent neurons involved in these sensory functions are not fully identified and appear to be to a large extent species dependent. Moreover, the mechanisms through which 5-HT receptor activation is coupled to changes in neuronal excitability have not been completely revealed. Using a combination of in vitro (calcium and voltage imaging and patch-clamp) and in vivo behavioral methods, we used both male and female Wistar rats to provide evidence for the involvement of two 5-HT receptor subtypes, 5-HT1A and 5-HT3, in mediating the sustained and transient effects, respectively, of 5-HT on rat primary afferent neurons involved in pain and itch processing. In addition, our results are consistent with a model in which sustained serotonergic responses triggered via the 5-HT1A receptor are due to closure of background potassium channels, followed by membrane depolarization and action potentials, during which the activation of voltage-gated calcium channels leads to calcium entry. Our results may provide a better understanding of mammalian serotonergic itch signaling.